The STEMdiff™ Microglia Culture System comprises STEMdiff™ Microglia Differentiation Kit and STEMdiff™ Microglia Maturation Kit. Together, these kits are used to differentiate and mature microglia derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using STEMdiff™ Hematopoietic Kit (Catalog #05310). Based on the protocol from the laboratory of Mathew Blurton-Jones (Abud et al., 2017), the resulting cells are a highly pure population of microglia (> 80% CD45/CD11b-positive, > 50% TREM2-positive microglia; < 20% morphologically distinct monocytes or macrophages). Cells derived using these products are versatile tools for modeling neuroinflammation, studying human neurological development and disease, co-culture applications, and toxicity testing.